Talking
about cultures, Baku is one example of how different influence could lead to a
varied cultural heritage. It is Azerbaijan’s most eastern point and capital
city that is situated on the western shore of the Caspian Sea. As one of the
cities that lies on the Great Silk Road, Baku was one busy area for it became
the hub between the western and the eastern world. The fact that Baku is
located 28 meters below sea level makes it the lowest lying capital city in the
world.
Situated
at the Crossroad of Europe and Asia, throughout its development, Baku gained a
lot of influences from both Europe and Asia. No wonder that it possesses a wide
range of variety of cultures. Baku, The City of Winds, is one of the centers of
Azerbaijan’s culture. As if it were a sea clam, Baku stores its precious hidden
pearls: myriads of hidden cultures. One thing that is very interesting from
Baku is how two places that seem to come from two different centuries
coexisted, in one city. It feels like we are exposed with two different worlds
and timelines in just one period of time. With just a few steps, we can travel
back in time to thousands of years ago.
Baku
is known to be an amazing oil-rich city. It has implemented a successful
strategy of advancing its oil and gas industry as the leading driver of the
economy. Oil has been used as a prominent tool in its economic life with its
first oil boom happened in the late 1800s. Baku was, and still is, very rich
with oil that it became the frontrunner in the oil and gas industry and once
supplied more than half of the world's oil needs in its first bloom. During the
Russian Empire, Baku was the main oil supplier, handing over 97.7% of Russia’s
oil in 1890 and half the world’s output in 1901.
Thanks
to this success bloom, the oil and gas production became one of the backbones
of Baku's economy. Great wealth and modernization hit Baku which then
contributed to the massive growth of the city. The population number grew
exponentially, at a faster rate than any other cities. This population growth
was also followed by the growth of new constructions. A new 'modern and
tech-savvy’ city began to emerge around in the Western European style along
with the city’s development. This was when the city was split into two
inversely proportional yet somehow harmonious sections: The Inner City or İçərişəhər
in Azerbaijani and The Outer City or Bayır Şəhər in Azerbaijani.
Those two sections are
separated by fortress wall that encircles the inner part of the city, or the
Icherisheher, which is also why the inner city is called The Walled City of
Baku. Surrounded
by blocks of cobble-stoned walls dated back to the middle ages, this Inner City
seems to be detached from the modern part of Baku, which is the Outer City. Modernity
that goes hand in hand with ancientness has always been Baku’s identity. Different
from its surrounding area, Icherisheher survived the modernization and remained
being a ‘traditional’ area coexisting with the surrounding modern city. The
past is being preserved here in such a way that it feels like we are taken back
in time through a time machine. Despite all the differences, instead of looking
unbalanced, all together they form a perfect and harmonious uniformity.
References :
http://www.unesco.org
https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/azerbaijan/overview
https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/azerbaijan/overview
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